ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterised predominantly by diastolic dysfunction. While the traditional echocardiography provides only semiquantitative assessment of diastolic dysfunction, tissue Doppler imaging proved to be an effective technique for the quantification of subclinical diastolic dysfunction.Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted in out-patient department of General Medicine, Tagore Medical College and Hospital for a period of 6 months. The study population comprised of 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus including 39 male and 61 females. Echocardiography (using Siemens – Acuson NX3 Elite - system with TDI technology) was performed to all subjects in the left lateral position and 2D, M- mode, Doppler techniques were used. The early E wave corresponding to early ventricular filling and A wave which reflect a trial contraction were typically measured to assess the transmitral flow pattern. Systolic S' (Sa), early diastolic E (Ea) and the late diastolic velocities A' (Aa) were measured by tissue Doppler imaging.Results: The E/A ratio ranged from 0.5 to 2 and E/Ea ratio ranged from 1.59 to 14.67. Around 23 patients and 54 patients were abnormal by E/A and E/Ea ratios respectively. Around 29 patients showed grade II diastolic dysfunction by tissue Doppler imagingConclusions: Prompt diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction help us to identify high risk patients who are likely to be benefitted by early therapeutic intervention. Tissue Doppler imaging may be a better tool in the identification of diastolic dysfunction especially grade II in comparison with the conventional echocardiography.
ABSTRACT
Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD). It has been observed that haemodialysis patients have a high prevalence of cardiac risk factors with further risk due to abnormal mineral metabolism. A study has demonstrated that a higher serum magnesium significantly decreased the mortality risk in haemodialysis patients and lower serum Mg level has been found to be associated with increased mortality in them. The aim of the study was to characterize the relationship between Mg level and vascular calcification in CKD patients.Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in 100 CKD patients attending outpatient and inpatient ward of Tagore Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Serum magnesium levels will be measured using Xylidyl blue method. Carotid intimal medial thickness will be measured using Doppler.Results: In the study 10 patients did not show the sign of any calcification. Among the remaining 90 patients, 42 patients showed calcification and 48 patients showed stenosis. The statistical analysis showed a spearman correlation coefficient value of 0.201 thus showing only a weak association.Conclusion: The present study showed that only a weak relationship exists between the magnesium level and vascular calcification.